Wpływ genotypu, środowiska oraz interakcji G×E na skład chemiczny i aktywność alfa-amylazy ziarna pszenżyta ozimego

Abstract

Triticale is characterised with valuable chemical composition and high nutritional value, therefore it can be used as a raw material in the food industry. However, it is susceptible to sprouting and to variable environmental conditions, which significantly affects the quality of the grain and the choice of its utilisation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of genotype (G), environment (E) and G×E interaction on the content of selected chemical components of triticale grains and detailed characteristics of G×E interaction for selected parameters. Material for the study comprised four triticale varieties (Alekto, Fredro, Panteon, Preludio), harvested at the same location, during three growing seasons (2013/2014; 2014/2015; 2015/2016). The content of basic nutrient components: protein, starch, lipids, minerals and bioactive components: dietary fibre (as a sum of nonstarch polysaccharides and lignin) were determined, as well as water extract viscosity of grain, associated with soluble dietary fibre fraction, and falling number. An analysis of variance according to a fixed two-way model was performed, and the results were supplemented by comparison of mean values for the main effects and the interactive effect. Additionally, for a detailed description of the G×E interaction, an analysis using the AMMI model was performed for selected parameters. For all analysed parameters, significantdifferences were found between successive growing seasons,varieties and varieties in years. The highest impact of environmentalconditions was observed for falling number (83.2%), thelargest impact of the genotype for the soluble fraction of non--starch polysaccharides (76.4%) and the interaction of G×E forstarch (49.5%)