Porównanie mikrobiologicznej i chemicznej charakterystyki gleb po ponad 100 latach uprawy roślin zbożowych

Abstract

Natural biological and chemical characteristics of soil are modified by land use (arable, grassland, bare land, urban use, protected areas) and in the case of agricultural use by in- tensity of production, tillage, and crop rotation. The aims of this study were (1) to compare number and diversity of microorganism and soil enzyme activities in various soil types under long term cereal production; (2) to evaluate variability of chemical status of the soil types and its effect on microbial characteristics of soil. Soil samples were collected in summer of 2015 from plots of a long-term experiment located at Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Puławy, Poland. The plots were established over 100 years earlier representing different soil types, classes and soil suitability complexes with reconstructed natural soil profiles. The plots represented the following soil types: Haplic Cambisol (Dystric), Cambic Leptosol, Fluvic Cambisol, Haplic Luvisol, Gleyic Chernozem, Brunic Arenosol, Haplic Cambisol (Eutric). Soil samples were analyzed for enzymatic activ- ity, number of bacteria and Actinomycetes, fungi and Azotobacter, as well as pH, carbon, content of available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. Despite long term production of cereals on all plots, soils retained their natural microbial specificity. Cluster analysis revealed similar microbial profile of Arenosols and Haplic Cambisols whereas Gleyic Chernozem and Cambic Leptosol most significantly differed from the other soils