The impact of cover crops on soil quality

Abstract

The aim of this study is to review the current state of knowledge regarding the role of cover crops as nature-based solutions (NBS) in agriculture. The analysis includes scientific literature from the years 2000–2024, primarily sourced from the Mendeley and Web of Science databases, using keywords such as cover crops, catch crops, nature-based solutions, soil health. The review focuses on research conducted in Europe and examines the multifaceted effects of cover crops on selected physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. Cover crops have been shown to reduce soil bulk density, improve aggregate stability, and enhance water retention capacity, thereby increasing soil resilience to climate change. Additionally, they enrich soil with organic matter, leading to increased levels of soil organic carbon, and reduce nutrient losses (notably nitrogen and phosphorus), which helps protect the quality of groundwater and surface water. Cover crops also stimulate biological activity in the soil, enhancing its fertility and the efficiency of nutrient cycling. The paper also considers potential risks associated with their use, such as soil desiccation and the spread of diseases. This article provides a structured synthesis of the potential benefits and limitations of cover crops in the context of promoting sustainable agriculture.